Mahram ?
- In Islamic Sharia legal terminology, a mahram, Arabic محرم, also transliterated mahrim or maharem is an unmarriageable kin with whom sexual intercourse would be considered incestuous, a punishable taboo. Current usage of the term covers a wider range of people and mostly deals with the dress code practice of hijab.
- The plural form of the word in the Arabic language is maharim with long second vowel Arabic محارم, also transliterated maharem. Sometimes the word is capitalized but there is not a general consensus that the word should be capitalized like Muslim. The Arabic alphabet has no upper-case vs lower-case distinction.
- Being mahram is a symmetric condition. If A is mahram to B, B is definitely mahram to A.
Who Is Mahram ?
- Anyone a Muslim is not allowed to marry is mahram, if they are of the opposite sex and have reached puberty. A partial list of what is considered a mahram can be found in Surah 24, Ayah 31, of the Quran.
- A woman's male mahrams fall into four categories, three categories in the strict-sense definition that does not count one's spouse. Note that mahrams for a man can be derived in a similar manner.
Permanent or blood mahrams with whom one is mahram by a blood relationship :
- Father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, great-grandfather, great-grandmother, brother and sister.
- Son, grandson, great-grandson, daughter, granddaughter and great-granddaughter.
- Uncle, aunt, great-uncle and great-aunt.
- Nephew, niece, grandnephew, grandniece, great-grandnephew and great-grandniece.
In-law
mahrams with whom one becomes mahram by marrying someone :
- Father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law and daughter-in-law.
- Stepfather *mother's husband, if their marriage is consummated.
- Stepmother *father's wife, if their marriage is consummated.
- Stepson *husband's son, if their marriage is consummated.
- Stepdaughter *wife's daughter, if their marriage is consummated.
Rada or "milk-suckling mahrams" with whom one becomes mahram because of being nursed by the same woman. When a woman acts as a wetnurse,
that is she breast feeds an infant that is not her own child for a
certain amount of time under certain conditions, child must be under two
years old, and must have at least five full satiated suckling. She
becomes the child's rada mother and everything concerning blood mahrams applies here, like rada father or mother, rada sister or brother, rada aunt or uncle and so on. In English these can be referred to as milk brother, milk-mother, and so on.
For a man, mahram women include his mother, grandmother,
daughter, granddaughter, sister, aunt, grand aunt, niece, grand niece, his
father's wife, his wife's daughter *step-daughter, his mother-in-law,
his rada mother and any other rada relatives that
correspond to the above mentioned blood relatives. As the Prophet said,
"What is forbidden by reason of kinship is forbidden by reason of
suckling."
These are considered maharim because Allah mentioned them in the Qur'an:
"And marry not women whom your father's married, except what has
already passed, indeed it was shameful and most hateful, and an evil
way. Forbidden to you for marriage are your mothers, your daughters,
your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your
brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your foster mother who
gave you suck, your foster milk suckling sisters, your wive's mothers,
your step-daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom
you have go in but there is no sin on you if you have not gone in them to marry their daughters, the wives of your sons who spring
from your own loins, and two sisters in wedlock at the same time, except
for what has already passed, verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most
Merciful."
All of the man's female relatives mentioned in these two verses are considered his maharim, because it is unlawful "haram" for him to marry them, except the wife's sister mentioned last, who is not a mahram because he can marry her if he divorces her sister, or if his wife dies. As noted in the introduction, the notion of mahram is reciprocal. All other relatives are considered non-maharim and they fall under the category of strangers.
Some rules regarding mahrams and ghayr mahrams "non-mahram"
-Theoretically, a muslim woman's mahrams form the group of allowable escorts when she travels.
-An adopted brother "adopted sister" of a woman "man" is ghayr mahram
to her "him" and they can marry each other. The term "adopted" means
those children who are adopted by one's parents for the purpose of
providing shelter and upbringing and who do not fall under the
relationships outlined under the section "who is mahram?" above.
-Except for the spouse, being mahram is a permanent condition. That means, for example, that a man will remain mahram to his ex-mother-in-law after divorcing her daughter. One is ghayr mahram to one's ex-spouse.
-One must not stay with a ghayr mahram in seclusion where none of their mahrams is present, see also "proxemics".
-If wives of a man each become a rada mother of a child, all children and all rada mothers will be mahram to each other.
